SQL Formatter

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in the 1970s, based on Edgar F. Codd's relational model.

SQL is divided into several sublanguages: DQL (data query with SELECT), DDL (schema definition with CREATE, ALTER, DROP), DML (data manipulation with INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), and DCL (access control with GRANT, REVOKE). It was standardized by ANSI in 1986 and ISO in 1987, with periodic revisions — the latest being SQL:2023.

• Data retrieval: Query specific information from a database using SELECT with WHERE filters
• Report generation: Group and sort data with GROUP BY, ORDER BY, and aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG
• Schema maintenance: Create and modify tables, indexes, and views using DDL statements
• Data analysis: Combine data from multiple tables using JOINs (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL)
• ETL automation: Extract, transform, and load processes between systems

• DELETE without WHERE: Deletes all records from a table
• UPDATE without WHERE: Updates all records
• DROP TABLE: Permanently deletes the table
• TRUNCATE: Deletes all data but keeps structure
• DROP DATABASE: Deletes entire database